Delmon Young's trade from the Rays to the Twins is the closest example I can think of, but even that is not great. Rasmus has achieved more in his 2 years than Young did in his 2 years.
Even though it was a 6 person trade, each team traded 3 players and you could sort of say Young was traded for Matt Garza. At the time, Garza had an attitude problem too, but was an up and coming pitcher. I'm not saying it's a perfect fit, but perhaps a Bryan Morris/Ohlendorf package is a match. NOTE - I do not think the Cards would trade Rasmus within the division.
You might be right that this sort of offer would impress the Cards, but my gut reaction is that the Pirates should be acquiring pitching rather than trading away the little that we have at the higher levels of the organization. If the fans' patience were infinite, maybe they could punt away the next two years, hoping to compete when Taillon and the guys at A level are ready, but I think that would be a hard sell.